According to geographical location, Indonesia is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change. Its location, regional characteristics, high population, and various sectors which support the livelihoods are highly dependent on climatic conditions, such as agriculture, marine, water resources, and health. Additionally, Indonesia also has historical and potential disaster events that can increase climate change vulnerability and risk. As a response to the threat and support of sustainable development targets number 2, 3, 6, 8, 13, 14, 15, and 17, the government shows a comprehensive effort. The government concerns increasing climate resilience through the identification of climate conditions and their potential dangers in the future as well as its potential economic loss in various development sectors.

These efforts are part of the national development plan RPJMN 2020-2024 under the 6th National Priority, Building the Environment, Increasing Disaster, and Climate Change Resilience, which is focused on four sectors, namely Marine and Coastal, Water, Agriculture, and Health. The current strategies to cope with the climate change and its impact on national development planning is in accordance with the mandate of Article 3.4 of the UNFCCC which states that climate change policies must be integrated into national development programs. In the RPJMN 2020- 2024, the success of M/I’s climate resilience programs and activities are measured by the percentage of potential GDP loss reduction due to climate hazards.

The process of monitoring, evaluation and reporting on climate resilience action in the Development Planning Framework written in this book is a process of building mechanisms that aims to monitor and evaluate the achievements of Climate Resilience Development in the RPJMN 2020-2024 (PN 6.2.2) accurately, transparently, and on time. These efforts follow the integration of Climate Resilience Actions in Development Planning, Budgeting, Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting System, both at the national and regional levels.

The list of action groups and the concept of measuring action outcomes compiled in this book make a living document that will continue to develop along with the development of research including research carried out by relevant institutions in each sector. Further detailed descriptions of the calculation formulas, constants, and conversion factors of each action group, as well as instructions for using the MER system, are compiled in the form of guidance documents and technical instructions for measuring the achievements of climate resilience activity.

A structured MER mechanism which involves all related parties will facilitate and increase the accuracy of measuring the achievement of climate resilience actions in reducing economic loss from the impacts of climate change. Indonesia’s climate resilience targets that have been set in the 2020- 2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan can be achieved through a strong commitment between related institutions to synergize.